| Brown |
Historic Brown Pigments Without C.I. Names | CI Natural Brown | CI Pigment Brown| | Top ^
|
Color Index Name Code |
CI Pigment Name |
Common, Historic and Marketing Names |
C.I.
Number
# |
Chemical Composition |
Color Description & Long Term Effects of Light† |
Opacity |
Light Fastness |
Oil
Absorption |
 |
Notes |
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| N/A |
Asphaltum |
Antwerp brown;
Natural Asphalt;
Asphaltite;
Asphaltum;
Gilsonite;
Bitumen;
Mineral pitch;
Jews' pitch |
N/A |
Natural Mineral containing mostly bitumen; Chemically similar to petroleum Asphalt. |
Dark Brown yellow undertone |
4 |
III |
- |
A |
- |
| N/A |
Egyptian mummy |
Caput Mortuum;
Egyptian mummy;
Mummy |
N/A |
The ground up bodies of mummies, containing asphaltum and embalming resins* |
Dark Dull violet Brown |
4 |
III |
- |
A |
* I'm skeptical as to whether this color was really mummies or just rumors. Usually imitated with asphaltum or earth brown pigments. |
| N/A |
Sicklerite |
Manganese Sicklerite;
Sicklerite [DS];
Triphylite |
N/A |
Lithium Manganese Iron Phosphate; Phosphate formed as a result of the alteration of other phosphate minerals in granite pegmatites (Ref);
Mineral: (Ref), (Ref), (Ref) |
Dark brown |
4 |
I |
- |
A |
The Daniel Smith watercolor paint appears to be the only way this mineral was ever used as a pigment. May act as a drier in oil paint due to it's high Manganese content. |
| N/A |
Siderite |
Aerosiderite;
Bemmelenite;
Chalybite;
Eisenpath;
Fer Carbonaté;
Gyrite;
Iron Spar;
Junckérite;
Pelosiderite;
Siderite [DS, NP];
Sparry Iron;
Spatformig Jernmalm;
Spathic Iron;
Spathos eIron;
Thomaîte |
N/A |
Natural Iron Carbonate |
Light yellowish brown to gray to greenish brown to reddish brown |
1 |
I |
M |
A |
- |
| N/A |
Tigers Eye |
African Cat's-eye;
Australian Tiger's Eye;
Burnt Tiger Eye;
Burnt Tigers Eye Genuine [DS];
Cat's-eye;
Crocidolite;
Golden Tigers Eye;
Marra mamba tiger iron;
Tigereye;
Tiger Eye;
Tigers Eye;
Tigers Eye Genuine [DS];
Tiger-Eye TYOUJICHA, No. 12 [KP];
Tiger iron |
N/A |
Quartz silicon with yellowish and brown parallel fibers, a mixture of Chalcedony and Riebeckite (Ref). The yellow-gold color is due to iron oxides. |
Brown with yellowish to red- violet undertone |
- |
I |
- |
A |
- |
Historic Brown Pigments Without C.I. Names | CI Natural Brown | CI Pigment Brown | | Top ^
|
Color Index Name Code |
CI Pigment Name |
Common, Historic and Marketing Names |
C.I.
Number
# |
Chemical Composition |
Color Description & Long Term Effects of Light† |
Opacity |
Light Fastness |
Oil
Absorption |
 |
Notes |
| NBr3 |
Catechin |
Black Catechu;
Catechin;
Catechou [KP];
Catechu [KP];
Catechu-Arten;
Cutch;
Gambier;
Katha;
Kattha;
Kavari; Natural Brown 3 |
75250 |
Catechinic acid from the left over of katha made from Acacia catechu;
CAS 154-23-4 (Hydrate)
CAS 100786-01-4 |
Brown |
4 |
- |
- |
A |
- |
| NBr6 |
Ganga |
Ganga;
Harda;
Natural Brown 6
|
|
Chebulinic Acid; Extracted from the dried fruits of Terminalia chebula (Myrobalan);
CAS 114921-10-7 |
Yellow brown |
4 |
- |
- |
A |
- |
| NBr7 |
Juglone |
Akhnot;
Iuglon;
Juglane;
Juglone;
Natural Brown 7;
Oil Red BS;
Nucin;
Regianin;
Walnut extract;
Yuglon
|
75500 |
Extract from the nut-shells, roots, leaves, bark and wood of trees of the Juglandaceae family, usually Black Walnut.; Naphtoquinone;
CAS 481-39-0 |
Dark brown |
4 |
IV |
- |
A* |
Historically used for inks and stains. Sometimes used as a natural herbicide.
* (Ref) |
| NBr8 |
Van Dyke Brown |
Bruno Vandyck;
Cassel Brown;
Cassel Brown, Van Dyck Brown [KP];
Cassel Earth [NP];
Cassel Umber;
Coal Brown;
Cologne Brown;
Cologne Earth;
Cologne Umber;
Cullen Earth;
Cullens Earth;
Czechia;
Kassel Earth;
Kassel Umber;
Lignite;
Natural Brown 8;
Rubens' Brown;
Sap Brown;
Terre de Cassel;
Ulmin Brown;
Van Dyck Braun;
Van Dyck Brown [KP];
Van Dyke Brown [GEN, HO, NP, WL];
Vandyke brown |
77727 |
Lignite; Brown earth with Peat and Coal residues (Ref), (Ref);
CAS 72669-22-8 |
Dull dark earth brown |
2 |
III* |
M |
A** |
May be as much as 90% organic matter (Ref).
* May be more stable in oil paints when mixed with resins (Ref);
** Composition varies, may have levels manganese oxide that could be hazardous if ingested. |
| NBr9 |
Sepia |
Natural Brown 9;
Sepia [KP];
Sepia fine [KP];
Sepia Ink [KP];
Sepia very fine [KP]; |
75500 |
from the ink sac of adriatic cuttlefish; Sepia Officinalis;
CAS 8030-69-1 |
Dark Reddish Brown black |
4 |
IV |
- |
A |
- |
| NBr11 |
Bistre |
Birchwood Soot;
Bister;
Bister Ink [KP];
Bistre [KP];
Genuine Birchwood Soot;
Soot of Wood |
- |
Prepared from birchwood soot (Ref) |
Deep brown |
4 |
IV |
- |
A |
Used in water colour painting (Ref); |
Historic Brown Pigments Without C.I. Names | CI Natural Brown | CI Pigment Brown | | Top ^ |
Color Index Name Code |
CI Pigment Name |
Common, Historic and Marketing Names |
C.I.
Number
# |
Chemical Composition |
Color Description & Long Term Effects of Light† |
Opacity |
Light Fastness |
Oil
Absorption |
 |
Notes |
| PBr1 |
Permanent Brown FG |
Microdis Brown MGR;
Permanent Brown FG;
Pigment Brown 1 |
12480 |
Monoazo;
CAS 6410-40-8 |
Reddish brown |
- |
- |
- |
A |
- |
| PBr6 |
Iron Oxide Hydroxide Brown |
Antique Cypress Bark;
Antique Smoked Bamboo;
Brown Iron Oxide [SCH];
Brown Ochre [DS];
Brown Oxide [KA];
Brown Oxide Medium [GU];
Burnt Sienna [GEN];
Burnt Umber [GEN, HO];
Burnt Umber Xtra Dark [GU];
Cyprus Burnt Umber [NP];
Cyprus Burnt Umber Warm [NP];
Cyprus Raw Umber Light [NP];
Cyprus Raw Umber Medium [NP];
Cyprus Raw Umber Dark [NP];
Deep Brown [LA];
Dutch Brown [WL];
Dutch Brown (Transparent) [WL];
Enviro-Friendly Brown Iron Oxide [DS];
Enviro-Friendly Iron Oxide [DS];
Enviro-Friendly Red Iron Oxide [DS];
Enviro-Friendly Yellow Iron Oxide [DS];
Ferric oxide;
Iron Oxide Brown;
Iron Oxide Hydroxide;
Italian Burnt Sienna [NP];
Italian Raw Sienna [NP];
Italian Burnt Umber [NP];
Italian Burnt Umber Warm [NP];
Italian Green Raw Umber [NP];
Italian Raw Umber [NP];
Light Brown [LA];
Luberon Burnt Sienna [NP];
Luberon Burnt Umber [NP];
Luberon Raw Sienna [NP];
Luberon Raw Sienna Light [NP];
Luberon Raw Umber [NP];
Maroon Oxide [GU];
Mars Brown;
Mars Yellow [GO];
Monte Amiata Natural Sienna [DS];
Oxide Brown Medium [LA];
Pigment Brown 6;
Pompeii Red;
Raw Sienna [NP];
Raw Umber [NP];
Red Oxide Dark [GU];
Turkey Umber;
Van Dyke Brown [MGd] |
77491
77492
77499 |
Inorganic; Natural and/or synthetic Feric oxide and Ferroso-ferric hydroxide;
CAS 52357-70-7 |
Brown to dull red |
1-3 |
I |
28-43 |
A |
- |
| PBr7 |
Brown Iron Oxide |
Antique Cypress Bark [HO];
Antique Smoked Bamboo [HO];
Bohemian Green Earth [SCM];
Cassel Earth [MA, MR];
Gold Orcre [BL];
Brown Earth [CR];
Brown Earth from Otranto [KP];
Brown Ochre [BL, RGH, SE, WL, WN];
Brown Ochre from Elba [KP];
Brown Ochre Light [BL, OH, WNd];
Brown Umber [WL];
Burnt Natural Earth;
Burnt Sienna No.3 [KP];
Burnt Sienna [GEN, CR, DB, DS, DV, GB, GO, GR, GU, HO, KP, LB, LK, LQ, MA, MG, MH, MR, PF, MW, RF, RGH, RT, SCH, SE, SQ, TA, WL];
Burnt Sienna Dark [GU];
Burnt Sienna Deep [BL];
Burnt Sienna, England , brown-red [KP];
Burnt Sienna, from England[KP];
Burnt Sienna, from France [KP];
Burnt Sienna Light [BL];
Burnt Sienna Natural [AS];
Burnt Umber
[GEN, AS, BL, CL, CR, DB, DR, DS, DV, GB, GO, GR, GU, HO, LB, LQ, MA, MG, MH, MR, MT, MW, OH, PF, RF, RGH, RT, SCH, SE, SH, SQ, UT, TA, WL, WN];
Burnt Umber Dark [RGH]; Burnt Umber (Cyprian) [KP];
Burnt Umber, Cyprian, dark brown [KP];
Burnt Umber Light [GO, GU]; Burnt Umber Xtra Dark [GU];
Calcined Earth;
Calcined Natural Sienna;
Calcined Natural Umber;
Calcined Original Natural Earth;
Cassel Earth [BL, CH, NP];
Cassel Brown Earth;
Cat-Tail Brown [GU];
Cote dAzur Violet [DS];
Cyprus Burnt Umber [NP];
Cyprus Burnt Umber Green [NP];
Cyprus Burnt Umber Warm [NP];
Cyprus Orange [WL];
Cyprus Raw Umber Dark [NP];
Cyprus Raw Umber Medium [NP];
Cyprus Raw Umber Light [NP];
Elba Brown Ochre [KP];
French Burnt Sienna [NP];
French Raw Sienna [NP];
French Raw Umber [NP];
Genuine Cassel's Earth [KA];
German Greenish Raw Umber [DS];
German Umber [KA];
Green Ochre [WL];
Green Umber [KA];
Grüne Erde natur [SCH];
Iseo Brown [KP];
Italian Burnt Sienna [DS, KP, NP];
Italian Brown Earth;
Italian Earth [BL, OH, SQ];
Italian Raw Sienna [NP];
Italian Raw Umber [WL];
Mars Brown [RGH];
Monte Amiata Natural;
Monte Amiata Natural Sienna [DS];
Mummy Bauxite [DS];
Mauve Umber [RGH];
Native Earth;
Natural Bohemian Green Earth [SCH];
Natural Burnt Sienna [SCH];
Natural Burnt Umber [SCH];
Natural Earth;
Natural Green Earth [SCH];
Natural Iron-Manganese Oxide;
Natural Iron Oxide;
Old Holland Ochre [HO];
Original Natural Earth;
Pigment Brown 7;
Pompeii Red [DS];
Raw Brown;
Raw Sienna [GEN, AS, CR, DB, DR, DS, DV, GB, GR, KA, LB, LK, LQ, MA, MG, MH, MR, MW, OH, PF, RF, RGH, SE, SQ, UT, TA, WL, WN];
Raw Sienna Dark [CR];
Raw Sienna Deep [MA, OH];
Raw Sienna Natural Dark;
Raw Sienna Light [MA, OH];
Raw Umber [GEN, AS, CL, CR, DS, DR, DV, GB, GO, GR, GU, HO, KA, LB, LQ, MA, MG, MH, MR, MT, MW, OH, PF, RF, RGH, RT, SCH, SE, SH, SQ, UT, TA, WL, WN];
Raw Umber (Green Shade) [WN];
Raw Umber Light [SCH, WN];
Raw Umber (Rare Earth) [GU];
Raw Umber Violet [DS];
Red Brown [SE];
Red Ochre [WL];
Red Umber [MH, OH, WL];
Spanish Earth [MH, WL];
Spanish Earth (Purple Ochre) [WL];
Terre d'Ombre Brulee (Brûlée) [LB];
Terre de Sienne Brulee (Brûlée) [LB];
Transparent Red Oxide [CL];
Turkey Umber [RGH, WL];
Turkey Umber Greenish [RF];
Umber [HO];
Van Dijck Brown (hue) [BL]
Van Dyck Brown [DS, GR, LK, MR];
Van Dyke Brown [TA, KA, MT];
Yavapai Genuine [DS];
Yellow Ochre Burnt [WL]
|
77491
77492 |
Iron Oxide and/or Calcined Iron Oxide usually with varying amounts of hydrated Iron Oxide along with Manganese Oxide and other natural minerals depending on mine site.;
CAS 12713-03-0 |
Yellow brown to brown to dull red |
2-4* |
I |
60-80 |
A |
Natural product can contain Manganese which acts as a drier
*transparency varies widely depending on mineral content and other impurities |
| PBr8 |
Manganese Brown |
Black Manganese Oxide;
Bog Manganese;
Braunstein;
Bruinsteen;
Burnt Umber, Cyprus [KP];
Burnt Umber light reddish-brown [KP];
Burnt Umber Reddish [KP];
Caledonian Brown;
Cappagh Brown;
Cassel Earth [SCH*?];
Cassler/Van Dyke Brown [SCH*?];
Cement Black;
Mangaanbioxyde;
Mangaandioxyde;
Mangandioxid
Manganese Binoxide;
Manganese (biossido Di);
Manganese (bioxyd De);
Manganese Black;
Manganese (diossido Di);
Manganese (dioxyde De);
Manganese(iv) Oxide;
Manganese Peroxide;
Manganese Superoxide;
Manganese Brown;
Manganese Brown Intense [KP];
Manganese Dioxide;
Manganite;
Mineral Brown Black (Pyrolusite) [NP];
Natural Brown Earth;
Pigment Black 14;
Pigment Brown 8;
Pyrolusite;
Pyrolusite Brown;
Raw Umber dark [KP];
Raw Umber, from Cyprus [KP];
Umber Reddish, OK 46 [KP];
Van Dyck Brown (hue)*? [SE]; |
77730
77728 |
Manganese hydroxide and oxides;
CAS 317-35-7
CAS 1313-13-9 |
Reddish brown to brownish black |
- |
I |
60 |
B |
* Sennelier's Van Dyck Brown and Schminke's Cassel Earth may be NBr8 and just misprinted as PBr8 |
| PBr9 |
Copper Ferrocyanide |
Copper Ferrocyanide;
Hatchett´s Brown;
Pigment Brown 9;
Van Dyke Brown (hue) [DB, WL?*]; |
77430 |
Inorganic; Cupric ferrocyanide and Cupric potassium ferrocyanide;
CAS 13601-13-3 |
Blackish brown |
- |
II |
- |
B |
* According to their web site Williamsburg's Van Dyke Brown is PBr9. This might be a typo. In the copy they claim it to be genuine Van Dyke Brown which would be NBr8. |
| PBr10 |
Calcium Plumbate |
Calcium Plumbate;
Caldiox;
Pigment Brown 10 |
77227 |
Calcium lead oxide; Calcium Orthoplubate; Dicalcium lead tetraoxide;
CAS 12013-69-3;
12774-29-7 |
Light Yellowish Brown |
- |
I |
L |
C* |
Oxidizing agent, promotes adhesion; Used as rust inhibitor and primer;
* Contains insoluble lead, may not pose as high of risk as some other lead products. |
| PBr11 |
Magnesium Ferrite |
Lunar Earth [DS];
Magnesium Ferrite [DS];
Mars Yellow [HO];
Mapico Tan;
Pigment Brown 11 |
77495 |
Inorganic; Ferric magnesium oxide;
CAS 64294-89-9 |
Reddish brown |
1 |
I |
- |
B |
- |
| PBr12 |
Cassel Brown |
Cassel Brown [KP];
Cassel Brown Stain [KP];
Oak Stain;
Van Dyck Brown;
Walnut Stain |
- |
Sodium salts of humic acid;
CAS 68131-04-04 |
Dark brown |
- |
- |
- |
B* |
* Skin irritant |
| PBr22 |
Pigment Brown 22 |
Pigment Brown 22;
Pigment Brown 2R |
10407 |
Nitro;
CAS 29398-96-7 |
Reddish brown |
- |
- |
- |
A |
- |
| PBr23 |
Pigment Brown 23 |
Azo Russet [GU];
Brown Madder (hue) [SE];
Cromophtal Brown 5R;
Gubbio Red [KP];
Light Brown [HO];
Madder Brown [SE];
Microlith Brown 5R;
Pigment Brown 23;
(Transparent) Brown [HO];
Van Dyke Brown (hue); |
20060 |
Disazo;
CAS 35869-64-8 |
Dull reddish brown |
3 |
I |
70 |
A |
(Ref) |
| PBr24 |
Chrome Titanium Yellow |
Bohemian Ochre Light;
Chrome Titanate;
Chrome Titanate Yellow [GR];
Chrome Yellow [SCH];
Chrome Yellow Rutile;
Chromium Rutile;
Daipyroxide Yellow;
Ferro Autumn Gold V;
Fragonard Earth Yellow [PFo];
Gold Ochre [LA];
Honey Gold Yellow;
Ironstone Brown No.39;
Light Yellow 3R;
Light Yellow Ochre [DBo, SEo];
Marigold Yellow;
Naples Yellow (hue) [MG, MH, WN];
Naples Yellow Deep (hue) [DV, SCH, WNow];
Naples Yellow Deep Extra (hue) [OH];
Naples Yellow Italian (hue) [WL];
Pigment Brown 24;
Titanate Gold Ochre;
Titanium Gold Ochre [SCH];
Titanium Orange [KP];
Yellow Ochre Light [DB, RT] |
77310 |
Inorganic; Chrome Antimony Titanium oxide mixed phase system having a rutile structure;
CAS 68186-90-3 |
Yellowish to reddish brown to golden orange |
1 |
I |
13-28 |
A |
Said to make a good non-toxic Naples Yellow substitute |
| PBr25 |
Benzimidazolone Brown |
Benzimidazo Brown [GU];
Benzimidazolone Brown;
Fragonard Red Brown [PF]; Hostaperm Brown HFR 01;
Imidazolone Brown [HO];
Microdis Brown;
Permanent Brown [DS];
Pigment Brown 25;
Renol Brown;
Transparent Brown [SQ];
Transparent Maroon [WN];
Transparent Red Ochre [LB];
Van Dyke Red [LQ];
Viscofil Brown |
12510 |
Organic; Monoazo; Benzimidazolone;
CAS 6992-11-6 |
Deep red-violet brown |
4 |
I |
86 |
A |
- |
| PBr27 |
Thioindigoid Brown |
Calcotone Brown 2R;
Pigment Brown 27;
Various brand names prefixes to Red Brown or Bordeaux |
73410 |
Thioindigoid;
CAS 3989-75-1 |
Brownish Brown |
- |
- |
- |
A |
- |
| PBr29 |
Chrome Iron Brown |
Iron Chromite;
Iron Chrome brown;
Pigment Brown 29;
Sicopal® Black K 0095;
Sicopal® Brown K 2795 FG |
77500 |
Inorganic; Iron Chromite; Iron chromium oxide;
CAS 109414-04-2 |
Bright to very dark reddish brown |
- |
I |
- |
A |
Identical to pigment green 17? (Ref) |
| PBr30 |
Pigment Brown 30 |
Graphtol Red Brown Cl-RL;
Pigment Brown 30; |
- |
Anthraquinone |
Reddish brown |
- |
- |
- |
A |
- |
| PBr31 |
Zinc Ferrite Brown |
Zinc Ferrite Brown Spinel;
Pigment Brown 31 |
77496 |
Zinc Ferrite;
CAS
68187-51-9 |
Brown |
- |
- |
- |
A |
Natural or Synthetic semi-precious stone? |
| PBr33 |
Zinc Iron Chromite Brown |
Calf Skin Brown No.6;
Cocoa Brown No.157;
Daipyroxide Brown 9220;
Dark Brown;
Mahogany Brown No.12;
Mineral Brown [SCH];
Pigment Brown 33;
Zinc-Iron Chrome Brown [KP];
Zinc-Iron Chrome Brown, light, spinel;
Zinc Iron Chromite;
Zinc Iron Chromite Brown Spinel;
Walnut Brown [SCH] |
77503 |
Zinc Iron Chromite Brown Spinel;
CAS 68186-88-9 |
Dark; brown to Reddish brown |
1 |
I |
16 |
A |
Natural or Synthetic semi-precious stone? |
| PBr34 |
Nickel Ferrite Brown |
Daipyroxide Brown 9270;
Nickel Ferrite Brown Spinel;
Pigment Brown 34 |
77497 |
Inorganic; Nickel Ferrite;
CAS 68187-10-0 |
Brown |
- |
- |
- |
B |
Natural or Synthetic semi-precious stone? |
| PBr35 |
Iron Chromite Brown |
Iron Chromite Brown Spinel;
Pigment Brown 35 |
77501 |
Inorganic; Iron chromite spinel;
CAS 68187-09-7 |
Dark reddish brown to blue Black |
- |
- |
- |
A |
Natural or Synthetic semi-precious stone? |
| PBr37 |
Manganese Niobium
Titanium Brown |
Manganese Niobium
Titanium Brown Rutile;
Pigment Brown 37 |
77890 |
Inorganic; Manganese Niobium Titanium;
CAS 70248-09-8 |
Dull reddish brown |
- |
- |
- |
B |
- |
| PBr39 |
Zinc Manganese Chromate |
Meteor Brown Light Iron Free 7739;
Pigment Brown 39 |
77312 |
Inorganic; Zinc Manganese Chromate |
Reddish brown |
- |
- |
- |
B |
Natural or Synthetic semi-precious stone? |
| PBr40 |
Manganese chrome antimony titanium brown rutile |
Manganese chrome antimony titanium brown rutile;
Meteor Brown (iron and Zinc free);
Pigment Brown 40 |
77897 |
Inorganic; Manganese chrome antimony titanium rutile;
CAS 71750-83-9 |
Dark brown |
- |
- |
- |
B |
- |
| PBr41 |
Disazo Condensation Brown |
Disazo Condensation Brown;
Translucent Brown [SCH];
Pigment Brown 41;
Sandorin Brown RL |
- |
Organic; Disazo Condensation;
CAS 68516-75-6 |
Very yellowish to Reddish Brown |
2 |
I |
- |
A |
- |
| PBr42 |
Azo Golden Brown |
Azo Golden Brown;
Pigment Brown 42 |
- |
Disazocondensation;
CAS 80648-58-4 |
Dark yellowish Brown |
2 |
I |
- |
- |
- |
| PBr43 |
Iron-Manganese Oxide |
Bayferrox 645T;
Pigment Brown 43;
Yellow Ochre (hue*) |
77536 |
Inorganic; Synthetic iron-manganese mixed oxide;
CAS 12062-81-6 |
Brown |
1 |
I |
- |
B |
*Similar chemical make-up as the natural yellow ochres and brown umbers |
| PBr44 |
Cobalt Tungsten Titanium Buff |
Cobalt Tungsten Titanium Buff Rutile;
Meteor Plus Yellow Buff;
Pigment Brown 44 |
778955 |
Inorganic; Cobalt Tungsten Titanium Buff Rutile;
CAS 144437-67-2 |
Yellowish brown |
- |
- |
- |
B |
- |
| PBr45 |
Manganese Tungsten Titanium Brown |
Manganese Tungsten Titanium Brown Rutile;
Meteor Plus High IR Brown 9730;
Pigment Brown 45 |
778965 |
Inorganic; Manganese Tungsten Titanium Rutile;
CAS 144437-66-1 |
Reddish brown |
- |
- |
- |
B |
- |